CONVERSATION BETWEEN TEACHERS AND STUDENTS ABOUT CHEMICAL LESSONS "OIL EARTH"

Teacher : happy all day, how are you?

All students : noon Sir, and you?

Teacher : i am good and thank you. Ok, we will start studyng today. The material we will discuss is about petroleum. But, before you know what is oil?

Gita : Sir, I want to try explain what is oil.

Teacher : ok. Please

Gita : petroleum dubbed as black gold. Petroleum is a viscous liquid, black or greenish, flammable, and located in the upper layers of some of the earth's crusted places.

Atma : (raise my hand) I think petroleum is one form of hydrocarbon, a chemical compound containing hydrogen and carbon.

Teacher : nice Gita and Atma. Petroleum is a natural mixture of various hydrocarbon elements present in the liquid phase in the reservoir below the soil surface and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure above the surface, even though it has been through a surface separation facility.

Teacher : who knows the history of petroleum ?. Please explain.

Santa : The origin of Petroleum / Petroleum, natural gas, and coal are the 3 sources of fossil fuels derived from weathering the remains of living things. They are formed in a very long time and through a very long process that is about 300-350 million years. Among the three sources of fossil fuels, petroleum is the most widely used fuel in everyday life. Of the many sources of energy in the world 58.8% of which is petroleum

Teacher : nice Santa. Anyone want to add or argue other?

Mariana : Related to the origin of petroleum formation, there are at least 3 theories that reveal the secret behind how the material in Latin is called petrolium. The three theories are biogenetic theory, inorganic theory and duplex theory.

Teacher : can you explain Mariana the three theories?

Mariana : Yes sir.

1. The Origin of Petroleum Based on Biogenetic Theory (Organic Theory)

According to the Biogenitic Theory, petroleum is formed from the decay of various species of animals and plants (living creatures) that are dead and buried in mud deposits, washed away by river currents, into the sea, and finally gathered on the seafloor, met with stacks of weathering Living creatures that previously existed.

2. The Origin of Petroleum Based on Inorganic Theory

According to the Inorganic Theory, petroleum is formed by the activity of bacteria capable of performing biochemical reactions, altering elements such as Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon, Sulfur, and nitrogen from the parent rock to an oil substance containing hydrocarbons.

3. The Origin of Petroleum Based on Duplex Theory

Duplex theory is actually a blend of Biogenetic Theory and Inorganic Theory. This theory is widely accepted by scientists in general. In this theory, it is explained that petroleum comes from living materials both plant-based and vegetable in the sea, which due to the influence of temperature, pressure, and time finally turned into a parent rock forming hydrocarbon materials.

Teacher : nice Mariana. Do others understand the theories your friend told you about?

All students : understand sir.

Teacher : all right. We continue the discussion about the use of petroleum in everyday life. There are so many uses of petroleum that we use in our lives. For example,

Clothing

of hydrocarbon materials that can be used for clothing is PTA (purified terephthalic acid), which is made of para-xylene in which the material is essentially kerosene (kerosene). From this Kerosene all the ingredients are formed into aromatics, namely para-xylene.

Teacher : All right. Do any of you know what else the use of petroleum in everyday life?

Gita : I am sir. The following uses of petroleum, namely:

1. Board

Building materials derived from hydrocarbons are generally plastic. The plastic base material is almost the same as LPG, the polymer of propylene, the olefin / alkene compound of the carbon chain C3. Of plastic material is then finished assortment of products ranging from roofs (plastic tiles), furniture, home interior equipment, bumper cars, tables, chairs, dishes, etc.

2. art                                                                  

The main role of hydrocarbons is in oil inks and solvents. Perhaps the brothers and sisters know the thinner that is used to thin the paint. As for the affairs of sculpture many statues are made from plastic, etc ..

Hydrocarbon solvents used for paint made from Low Aromatic White Spirit or LAWS is a solvent that is produced from Pertamina Refinery Plaju with a boiling point range between 145oC - 195oC. The hydrocarbonate compound forming the LAWS solvent is a mixture of paraffin, cyclopranin, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Yolanda : (raise my hand) sir, would like to add the benefits of petroleum.

Teacher : yes Yolanda. Please Yolanda: As a food, the carbohydrates or saccharides are a class of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The simplest form of carbohydrate molecule consists of one simple sugar molecule. If the carbon atom is denoted as a black ball, the oxygen is red and the hydrogen is white then the three-dimensional molecular form of glucose will be like this picture beside it. Many carbohydrates are polymers made up of sugar molecules that are strung into long, branched chains. Carbohydrates are an essential foodstuff and a source of energy contained in plant and animal flesh. In addition, carbohydrates also become important structural components in living things in the form of fiber (fiber), such as cellulose, pectin, and lignin.

Teacher: nice Gita and Yolanda. And what are the impacts arising from the use of petroleum?

Santa : I want to try to answer Sir?

Teacher : Ok. Please

Santa : there are some impacts that arise, including:

Impacts on Air and Climate In addition to generating energy, burning fossil energy sources (eg petroleum, coal) also releases gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) causing air pollution (acid rain , Smog and global warming). Impacts on Water The exploitation of petroleum, in particular the manner in which oil is stored and transport is not feasible, for example: leaking oil tank or other accidents will result in oil spill (into the sea, river or ground water) can cause water pollution. Basically the pollution is caused by human error.

Impact on the Land The impact of energy use on land can be known, for example from coal mining. Problems related to soil layers appear mainly in open pit mining (Open Pit Mining). This requires a very large area of ​​land. Keep in mind that coal seams are found in fertile soil, so if the land is used for coal mining then the land can not be used for agriculture or forests for a certain period of time.

Teacher : good. Well whether everything is understood about our material of petroleum today.

All students : understand sir.

Teacher : all right. I think that's enough of our meeting today and see you again. Good afternoon all.

All the students : noon sir.